Как сбросить ошибки на порту cisco

Команда показывает статистику трафика и ошибок на определённом интерфейсе:

Switch#show interfaces имя_интерфейса

Пример вывода команды show interfaces, обратите внимание, на выделенный текст желтым цветом.

Switch#show interfaces gi0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
 Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 001e.1478.b7b1 (bia 001e.1478.b7b1)
 Description: SW-2
 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
  reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX
 input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported
 ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of «show interface» counters never
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 42164
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 781000 bits/sec, 122 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 183000 bits/sec, 65 packets/sec
  75482 packets input, 104620499 bytes, 0 no buffer
  Received 6352 broadcasts (3951 multicasts)
  0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
  105684 input errors, 103301 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
  0 watchdog, 3951 multicast, 0 pause input
  0 input packets with dribble condition detected
  39937001 packets output, 2917338077 bytes, 0 underruns
  0 output errors, 0 collisions, 4 interface resets
  10 unknown protocol drops
  0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
  0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
  0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

После того, как вы устранили вероятную ошибку, нужно сбросить счётчики, чтобы убедиться, что ошибок больше нет.

Switch#clear counters gi0/1

Switch#show interfaces gi0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
 Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 001e.1478.b7b1 (bia 001e.1478.b7b1)
 Description: SW-2
 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
  reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 Full-duplex, 1000Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX
 input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported
 ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of «show interface» counters 00:00:08
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 1352000 bits/sec, 306 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 313000 bits/sec, 91 packets/sec
  1274 packets input, 455165 bytes, 0 no buffer
  Received 199 broadcasts (118 multicasts)
  0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
  0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
  0 watchdog, 118 multicast, 0 pause input
  0 input packets with dribble condition detected
  663 packets output, 312346 bytes, 0 underruns
  0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
  0 unknown protocol drops
  0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
  0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause outputv
  0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

В таблице показаны некоторые значение и описания к ним.

Лишь старые, занудные и бородатые администраторы до сих пор не признают веб-интерфейс, как способ конфигурирования устройств. Другое дело, что знать консольные команды, хотя бы для саморазвития — нужно. На примере управляемого Ethernet-коммутатора Raisecom ISCOM2128 мы приведем простейшие команды для диагностики.

До недавнего времени (точнее до появления Powershell), комфортно работать в консоли можно было только на unix-like системах, тем более что установка на сервер CentOS 7 занимает менее часа. CentOS 7 — производная система от известного дистрибутива Red Hat Enterprise. Установка centos, в классическом её смысле, не обязательна — есть liveCD версии. Кстати, для удобства подключения через telnet к устройству можно использовать PuTTy, так как в нем можно удобно сортировать коммутаторы по адресу или по другим параметрам:

После авторизации и входа в режим настроек (команда enable) начинаем работать.

 1. Смотрим статус порта 

sh interface port [номер порта]

Результат:

sh interface port 2
R: Receive Direction
S: Send Direction
Status: Forwarding status
Port  Admin   Operate        Speed/Duplex  Flowctrl(R/S) Mac-learning Status    up-sta                   up-sustained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2     enable  up(100M/full)  auto          off/off       enable       Forward   Jan-01-2000 04:00:32 14y11m08d06h13m54s
iscom2128-1#

Расшифровка:

Operate — Статус порта
Speed / Duplex — скорость / режим передачи (full или half-duplex)
Flowctrl (R/S) — контроль потока (выключен)
Mac-learning — функция защиты атак по мак-адресу (подробнее здесь — http://www.tp-link.ua/article/?faqid=384)
Up-sustained — время, которое он активен.

 2. Смотрим мак-адрес на порту 

sh mac-address-table l2-address port [номер порта]

Результат:

iscom2128-1#sh mac-address-table l2-address port 2
Aging time: 300 seconds
Mac Address        Port          Vlan     Flags
--------------------------------------------------------
E427.7147.895D     2             1602     Static
9094.E4F3.AB57     2             1602     Static
iscom2128-1#

Расшифровка:

Mac Address — Маки, которые «светятся» на этом порту
Port — порт коммутатора
Vlan — Виртуальная локальная сеть, которая привязана к порту.

 3. Смотрим статистику полученных/отправленных пакетов 

show interface port [номер порта] statistics dynamic 

Результат:

#show interface port 2 statistics dynamic
Dynamic statistics period: 2 seconds
Port        2
------------------------------------------------
Input Normal Statistics:
    InOctets:                         2,943,231,389
    InUcastPkts:                      28,213,316
    InMulticastPkts:                  33,173
    InBroadcastPkts:                  63,099
Output Normal Statistics:
    OutOctets:                        858,223,315,985
    OutUcastPkts:                     47,829,671
    OutMulticastPkts:                 588,341,260
    OutBroadcastPkts:                 622,454
Bit Statistics:
    Ingress Bits:                     23,545,851,112
    Egress Bits:                      6,865,786,527,880
Speed during 2 seconds Statistics:
    Ingress Speed(bps):               0
    Egress Speed(bps):                1,972,216
Speed Rate during 2 seconds Statistics:
    Ingress Speed Rate:               <1%
    Egress Speed Rate:               1%
Please press <Ctrl+C> to stop.
Dynamic statistics period: 2 seconds

Расшифровка:

In/out Octets: — общее количество входящих/исходящих октетов на интерфейс (1 октет — 1 байт)
In/out UcastPkts — входящие/исходящие юникастовые пакеты
In/out MulticastPkts — входящие/исходящие мультикастовые пакеты
In/out BroadcastPkts — входящие/исходящие броадкастовые пакеты

Ingress Bits — входящий трафик (со стороны абонента — исходящий)
Egress Bits — исходящий трафик (со стороны абонента — входящий)

Ingress Speed Rate — уровень входящей скорости (со стороны абонента — исходящая)
Egress Speed Rate — уровень исходящей скорости (со стороны абонента — входящая)

 4. Смотрим ошибки на порту 

show interface port [номер порта] statistics 

Результат:

Input Normal Statistics:
    InOctets:                         698,171,799
    InUcastPkts:                      6,770,736
    InMulticastPkts:                  14,711
    InBroadcastPkts:                  550
Input Error Statistics:
    DropEvents(Pkts):                 0
    CRCAlignErrors(Pkts):             0
    UndersizePkts:                    0
    OversizePkts:                     0
    Fragments(Pkts):                  0
    Jabbers(Pkts):                    0
    Collisions(Pkts):                 0
      Discards(Pkts):                 23
Output Normal Statistics:
    OutOctets:                        267,191,770,641
    OutUcastPkts:                     7,057,340
    OutMulticastPkts:                 194,853,568
    OutBroadcastPkts:                 422,719
Output Error Statistics:
    OutputError(Pkts):                0
    OutputDiscard(Pkts):              0
    Abort(Pkts):                      0
    Differred(Pkts):                  0
    LateCollisions(Pkts):             0
    NoCarrier(Pkts):                  0
    LostCarrier(Pkts):                0
    MacTransmitError(Pkts):           0
Bit Statistics:
    Ingress Bits:                     5,585,374,392
    Egress Bits:                      2,137,534,165,128

Расшифровка по ошибкам

По пакетам расшифровка выше. Ошибки не отслеживаются в реальном времени (только статика)

Drop Events (Pkts): Фактическое число потерянных кадров из-за превышения максимального числа кадров
CRC Align Errors( Pkts): Количество ошибок «выравнивания» — (кадры, которые не заканчиваются четным числом октетов и имеют неверную контрольную сумму CRC), полученных на порт. Это могут быть проблемы с NIC (сетевая карта, грубо говоря), с портом на коммутаторе или с кабелем. Также из-за несоответствия дуплексных режимов. При первом подключении кабеля к порту могут возникнуть некоторые из этих ошибок. Кроме того, если к порту подключен концентратор, ошибки могут вызвать конфликты между другими устройствами концентратора.
Undersize Pkts: Такие ошибки возникают при получение фрейма размером 61-64 байта. Фрейм передается дальше, на работу не влияет
Oversize Pkts: Они возникают при получении пакета размером более 1518 байт и правильной контрольной суммой
Fragments (Pkts): Это количество принятых кадров длиной менее 64 байт (без преамбулы и начального ограничителя кадра, но включая байты FCS — контрольной суммы) и содержащих ошибки FCS или ошибки выравнивания
Jabbers (Pkts): Возникает при получении пакета размером более 1518 байт и имеющего ошибки в контрольной сумме
Collisions (Pkts): Коллизии возникают, когда две станции одновременно пытаются передать кадр данных по общей сред
Discards (Pkts): Отброшенные пакеты, поскольку их коммутация не требовалась. Это может быть нормальным, если концентратор подключен к порту и два устройства на данном концентраторе обмениваются данными. Число исходящих пакетов, которые выбраны для отбрасывания несмотря на отсутствие ошибок. Одна из возможных причин отбрасывания таких пакетов — освобождение буферного пространства.

5. Что почитать?

FTTx — http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x

SNMP — http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNMP

Port Security — http://xgu.ru/wiki/Port_security

Introduction

This document describes the errdisabled state, how to recover from it, and provides examples of errdisable recovery. This document uses the terms errdisable and error disable interchangeably. Customers often contact Cisco Technical Support when they notice that one or more of their switch ports have become error disabled, which means that the ports have a status of errdisabled. These customers want to know why the error disablement happened and how they can restore the ports to normal.

Note: The port status of err-disabled displays in the output of the show interfaces interface_number status command.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific requirements for this document.

Components Used

To create the examples in this document, you need two Cisco Catalyst 4500/6500 Series Switches (or the equivalent) in a lab environment with cleared configurations. The switches must run Cisco IOS^® Software and each switch must have two Fast Ethernet ports that are capable of EtherChannel and PortFast.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Background Information

Platforms That Use Errdisable

The errdisable feature is supported on these Catalyst switches:

• Catalyst switches that run Cisco IOS Software:

  • 2900XL / 3500XL

  • 2940 / 2950 / 2960 / 2970

  • 3550 / 3560 / 3560-E / 3750 / 3750-E

  • 3650 / 3850

  • 4500 / 4503 / 4506 / 4507 / 4510 / 4500-X

  • 6500 / 6503 / 6504 / 6506 / 6509
  • 9200 / 9300 / 9400 / 9500

The way in which errdisable is implemented varies between software platforms. This document specifically focuses on errdisable for switches that run Cisco IOS Software.

Errdisable

Function of Errdisable

If the configuration shows a port to be enabled, but software on the switch detects an error situation on the port, the software shuts down that port. In other words, the port is automatically disabled by the switch operating system software because of an error condition that is encountered on the port.

When a port is error disabled, it is effectively shut down and no traffic is sent or received on that port. The port LED is set to the color orange and, when you issue the show interfaces command, the port status shows err-disabled. Here is an example of what an error-disabled port looks like from the command-line interface (CLI) of the switch:

cat6knative#show interfaces gigabitethernet 4/1 status 

Port    Name       Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type
Gi4/1              err-disabled 100          full   1000 1000BaseSX

Or, if the interface has been disabled because of an error condition, you can see messages that are similar to these in both the console and the syslog:

%SPANTREE-SP-2-BLOCK_BPDUGUARD: 
   Received BPDU on port GigabitEthernet4/1 with BPDU Guard enabled. Disabling port.
%PM-SP-4-ERR_DISABLE: 
   bpduguard error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state

This example message displays when a host port receives the bridge protocol data unit (BPDU). The actual message depends on the reason for the error condition.

The error disable function serves two purposes:

• It lets the administrator know when and where there is a port problem.

• It eliminates the possibility that this port can cause other ports on the module (or the entire module) to fail.

  Such a failure can occur when a bad port monopolizes buffers or port error messages monopolize interprocess communications on the card, which can ultimately cause serious network issues. The error disable feature helps prevent these situations.

Causes of Errdisable

This feature was first implemented in order to handle special collision situations in which the switch detected excessive or late collisions on a port. Excessive collisions occur when a frame is dropped because the switch encounters 16 collisions in a row. Late collisions occur because every device on the wire did not recognize that the wire was in use. Possible causes of these types of errors include:

• A cable that is out of specification (either too long, the wrong type, or defective)

• A bad network interface card (NIC) card (with physical problems or driver problems)

• A port duplex misconfiguration

  A port duplex misconfiguration is a common cause of the errors because of failures to negotiate the speed and duplex properly between two directly connected devices (for example, a NIC that connects to a switch). Only half-duplex connections can ever have collisions in a LAN. Because of the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) nature of Ethernet, collisions are normal for half duplex, as long as the collisions do not exceed a small percentage of traffic.

There are various reasons for the interface to go into errdisable. The reason can be:

• Duplex mismatch

• Port channel misconfiguration

• BPDU guard violation

• UniDirectional Link Detection (UDLD) condition

• Late-collision detection

• Link-flap detection

• Security violation

• Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) flap

• Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) guard

• DHCP snooping rate-limit

• Incorrect GBIC / Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) module or cable

• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) inspection

• Inline power

Note: Error-disable detection is enabled for all of these reasons by default. In order to disable error-disable detection, use the no errdisable detect cause command. The show errdisable detect command displays the error-disable detection status.

Determine If Ports Are in the Errdisabled State

You can determine if your port has been error disabled if you issue the show interfaces command.

Here is an example of an active port:

cat6knative#show interfaces gigabitethernet 4/1 status 

!--- Refer to show interfaces status for more information on the command.

Port    Name               Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type
Gi4/1                      Connected    100          full   1000 1000BaseSX

Here is an example of the same port in the error disabled state:

cat6knative#show interfaces gigabitethernet 4/1 status 

!--- Refer to show interfaces status for more information on the command.

Port    Name               Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type
Gi4/1                      err-disabled 100          full   1000 1000BaseSX

Note: When a port is error disabled, the LED on the front panel that is associated with the port is set to the color orange.

Determine the Reason for the Errdisabled State (Console Messages, Syslog, and the show errdisable recovery Command)

When the switch puts a port in the error-disabled state, the switch sends a message to the console that describes why it disabled the port. The example in this section provides two sample messages that show the reason for port disablement:

• One disablement is because of the PortFast BPDU guard feature.

• The other disablement is because of an EtherChannel configuration problem.

Note: You can also see these messages in the syslog if you issue the show log command.

Here are the sample messages:

%SPANTREE-SP-2-BLOCK_BPDUGUARD: 
   Received BPDU on port GigabitEthernet4/1 with BPDU Guard enabled. Disabling port.

%PM-SP-4-ERR_DISABLE: 
   bpduguard error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state

 %SPANTREE-2-CHNMISCFG: STP loop - channel 11/1-2 is disabled in vlan 1

If you have enabled errdisable recovery, you can determine the reason for the errdisable status if you issue the show errdisable recovery command. Here is an example:

cat6knative#show errdisable recovery
ErrDisable Reason    Timer Status
-----------------    --------------
udld                 Enabled
bpduguard            Enabled
security-violatio    Enabled
channel-misconfig    Enabled
pagp-flap            Enabled
dtp-flap             Enabled
link-flap            Enabled
l2ptguard            Enabled
psecure-violation    Enabled
gbic-invalid         Enabled
dhcp-rate-limit      Enabled
mac-limit            Enabled
unicast-flood        Enabled
arp-inspection       Enabled

Timer interval: 300 seconds

Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout:

Interface      Errdisable reason      Time left(sec)
---------    ---------------------    --------------
  Fa2/4                bpduguard          273

Recover a Port from Errdisabled State

This section provides examples of how you can encounter an error-disabled port and how to fix it, as well as a brief discussion of a few additional reasons that a port can become error disabled. In order to recover a port from the errdisable state, first identify and correct the root problem, and then reenable the port. If you reenable the port before you fix the root problem, the ports just become error disabled again.

Correct the Root Problem

After you discover why the ports were disabled, fix the root problem. The fix depends on what triggered the problem. There are numerous things that can trigger the shutdown. This section discusses some of the most noticeable and common causes:

• EtherChannel misconfiguration

  In order for EtherChannel to work, the ports that are involved must have consistent configurations. The ports must have the same VLAN, the same trunk mode, the same speed, the same duplex, and so on. Most of the configuration differences within a switch are caught and reported when you create the channel. If one switch is configured for EtherChannel and the other switch is not configured for EtherChannel, the spanning tree process can shut down the channeled ports on the side that is configured for EtherChannel. The on mode of EtherChannel does not send PAgP packets to negotiate with the other side before channeling; it just assumes that the other side is channeling. In addition, this example does not turn on EtherChannel for the other switch, but leaves these ports as individual, unchanneled ports. If you leave the other switch in this state for a minute or so, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on the switch where the EtherChannel is turned on thinks that there is a loop. This puts the channeling ports in the errdisabled state.

  In this example, a loop was detected and the ports were disabled. The output of the show etherchannel summary command shows that the Number of channel-groups in use is 0. When you look at one of the ports that are involved, you can see that the status is err-disabled:

  %SPANTREE-2-CHNL_MISCFG: Detected loop due to etherchannel misconfiguration of Gi4/1
  
  cat6knative#show etherchannel summary
  
  !--- Refer to show etherchannel for more information on the command.
  
  Flags:  D - down        P - in port-channel
          I - stand-alone s - suspended
          H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
          R - Layer3      S - Layer2
          U - in use      f - failed to allocate aggregator
  
          u - unsuitable for bundling
  Number of channel-groups in use: 0
  Number of aggregators:           0
  
  Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports
  ------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------

  The EtherChannel was torn down because the ports were placed in errdisable on this switch.

  cat6knative#show interfaces gigabitethernet 4/1 status
  
  Port    Name               Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type
  Gi4/1                      err-disabled 100          full   1000 1000BaseSX

  In order to determine what the problem was, look at the error message. The message indicates that the EtherChannel encountered a spanning tree loop. As this section explains, this problem can occur when one device (the switch, in this case) has EtherChannel turned on manually with use of the on mode (as opposed to desirable) and the other connected device (the other switch, in this case) does not have EtherChannel turned on at all. One way to fix the situation is to set the channel mode to desirable on both sides of the connection, and then reenable the ports. Then, each side forms a channel only if both sides agree to channel. If they do not agree to channel, both sides continue to function as normal ports.

  cat6knative(config-terminal)#interface gigabitethernet 4/1
  cat6knative(config-if)#channel-group 3 mode desirable non-silent
  

• Duplex mismatch

  Duplex mismatches are common because of failures to autonegotiate speed and duplex properly. Unlike a half duplex device, which must wait until there are no other devices that transmit on the same LAN segment, a full-duplex device transmits whenever the device has something to send, regardless of other devices. If this transmission occurs while the half-duplex device transmits, the half-duplex device considers this either a collision (during the slot time) or a late collision (after the slot time). Because the full-duplex side never expects collisions, this side never realizes that it must retransmit that dropped packet. A low percentage rate of collisions is normal with half duplex, but is not normal with full duplex. A switch port that receives many late collisions usually indicates a duplex mismatch problem. Be sure that the ports on both sides of the cable are set to the same speed and duplex. The show interfaces interface_number command tells you the speed and duplex for Catalyst switch ports. Later versions of Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) can warn you about a duplex mismatch before the port is put in the error-disabled state.

  In addition, there are settings on a NIC, such as autopolarity features, that can cause the problem. If you are in doubt, turn these settings off. If you have multiple NICs from a vendor and the NICs all appear to have the same problem, check the manufacturer website for the release notes and be sure that you have the latest drivers.

  Other causes of late collisions include:

  • A bad NIC (with physical problems, not just configuration problems)

  • A bad cable

  • A cable segment that is too long

• BPDU port guard

  A port that uses PortFast must only connect to an end station (such as a workstation or server) and not to devices that generate spanning tree BPDUs, such as switches, or bridges and routers that bridge. If the switch receives a spanning tree BPDU on a port that has spanning tree PortFast and spanning tree BPDU guard enabled, the switch puts the port in errdisabled mode in order to guard against potential loops. PortFast assumes that a port on a switch cannot generate a physical loop. Therefore, PortFast skips the initial spanning tree checks for that port, which avoids the timeout of end stations at bootup. The network administrator must carefully implement PortFast. On ports that have PortFast enabled, BPDU guard helps ensure that the LAN stays loop-free.

  This example shows how to turn on this feature. This example was chosen because creation of an error-disable situation is easy in this case:

  cat6knative(config-if)#spanning-tree bpduguard enable
  
  !--- Refer to spanning-tree bpduguard for more information on the command.
  
  

  In this example, a Catalyst 6509 switch is connected to another switch (a 6509). The 6500 sends BPDUs every 2 seconds (with use of the default spanning tree settings). When you enable PortFast on the 6509 switch port, the BPDU guard feature watches for BPDUs that come in on this port. When a BPDU comes into the port, which means that a device that is not an end device is detected on that port, the BPDU guard feature error disables the port in order to avoid the possibility of a spanning tree loop.

  cat6knative(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast enable
  
  !--- Refer to spanning-tree portfast (interface configuration mode) 
  !--- for more information on the command.
  
  
  Warning: Spantree port fast start can only be enabled on ports connected
  to a single host.  Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc. to
  a fast start port can cause temporary spanning tree loops.
  
  %PM-SP-4-ERR_DISABLE: bpduguard error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state.

  In this message, the switch indicates that it received a BPDU on a PortFast-enabled port, and so the switch shuts down port Gi4/1.

  cat6knative#show interfaces gigabitethernet 4/1 status
  
  Port    Name               Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type
  Gi4/1                      err-disabled 100          full   1000 1000BaseSX

  You need to turn off the PortFast feature because this port is a port with an improper connection. The connection is improper because PortFast is enabled, and the switch connects to another switch. Remember that PortFast is only for use on ports that connect to end stations.

  cat6knative(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast disable
  

• UDLD

  The UDLD protocol allows devices that are connected through fiber-optic or copper Ethernet cables (for example, Category 5 cabling) to monitor the physical configuration of the cables and detect when a unidirectional link exists. When a unidirectional link is detected, UDLD shuts down the affected port and alerts the user. Unidirectional links can cause a variety of problems, which include spanning-tree topology loops.

  Note: UDLD exchanges protocol packets between the neighboring devices. Both devices on the link must support UDLD and have UDLD enabled on the respective ports. If you have UDLD enabled on only one port of a link, it can also leave the end configured with UDLD to go to errdisable state.

  Each switch port that is configured for UDLD sends UDLD protocol packets that contain the port device (or port ID) and the neighbor device (or port IDs) that are seen by UDLD on that port. The neighboring ports must see their own device or port ID (echo) in the packets that are received from the other side. If the port does not see its own device or port ID in the incoming UDLD packets for a specific duration of time, the link is considered unidirectional. Therefore, the respective port is disabled and a message that is similar to this is printed on the console:

  PM-SP-4-ERR_DISABLE: udld error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state.

  For more information on UDLD operation, configuration, and commands, refer to the document Configuring UniDirectional Link Detection (UDLD).

• Link-flap error

  Link flap means that the interface continually goes up and down. The interface is put into the errdisabled state if it flaps more than five times in 10 seconds. The common cause of link flap is a Layer 1 issue such as a bad cable, duplex mismatch, or bad Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) card. Look at the console messages or the messages that were sent to the syslog server that state the reason for the port shutdown.

  %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: link-flap error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state

  Issue this command in order to view the flap values:

  cat6knative#show errdisable flap-values
  
  !--- Refer to show errdisable flap-values for more information on the command.
  
  ErrDisable Reason    Flaps    Time (sec)
  -----------------    ------   ----------
  pagp-flap              3       30
  dtp-flap               3       30
  link-flap              5       10

• Loopback error

  A loopback error occurs when the keepalive packet is looped back to the port that sent the keepalive. The switch sends keepalives out all the interfaces by default. A device can loop the packets back to the source interface, which usually occurs because there is a logical loop in the network that the spanning tree has not blocked. The source interface receives the keepalive packet that it sent out, and the switch disables the interface (errdisable). This message occurs because the keepalive packet is looped back to the port that sent the keepalive:

  %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: loopback error detected on Gi4/1, putting Gi4/1 in err-disable state

  Keepalives are sent on all interfaces by default in Cisco IOS Software Release 12.1EA-based software. In Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2SE-based software and later, keepalives are not sent by default on fiber and uplink interfaces. For more information, refer to Cisco bug ID CSCea46385 (registered customers only) .

  The suggested workaround is to disable keepalives and upgrade to Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2SE or later.

• Port security violation

  You can use port security with dynamically learned and static MAC addresses in order to restrict the ingress traffic of a port. In order to restrict the traffic, you can limit the MAC addresses that are allowed to send traffic into the port. In order to configure the switch port to error disable if there is a security violation, issue this command:

  cat6knative(config-if)#switchport port-security violation shutdown
  

  A security violation occurs in either of these two situations:

  • When the maximum number of secure MAC addresses is reached on a secure port and the source MAC address of the ingress traffic differs from any of the identified secure MAC addresses

    In this case, port security applies the configured violation mode.

  • If traffic with a secure MAC address that is configured or learned on one secure port attempts to access another secure port in the same VLAN

    In this case, port security applies the shutdown violation mode.

• L2pt Guard

  When the Layer 2 PDUs enter the tunnel or access port on the inbound edge switch, the switch overwrites the customer PDU-destination MAC address with a well-known Cisco proprietary multicast address (01-00-0c-cd-cd-d0). If 802.1Q tunneling is enabled, packets are also double-tagged. The outer tag is the customer metro tag and the inner tag is the customer VLAN tag. The core switches ignore the inner tags and forward the packet to all trunk ports in the same metro VLAN. The edge switches on the outbound side restore the proper Layer 2 protocol and MAC address information and forward the packets to all tunnel or access ports in the same metro VLAN. Therefore, the Layer 2 PDUs are kept intact and delivered across the service-provider infrastructure to the other side of the customer network.

  Switch(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0/7
  l2protocol-tunnel {cdp | vtp | stp}
  

  The interface goes to errdisabled state. If an encapsulated PDU (with the proprietary destination MAC address) is received from a tunnel port or access port with Layer 2 tunneling enabled, the tunnel port is shut down to prevent loops. The port also shuts down when a configured shutdown threshold for the protocol is reached. You can manually reenable the port (issue a shutdown, no shutdown command sequence) or if errdisable recovery is enabled, the operation is retried after a specified time interval.

  To recover the interface from errdisable state, reenable the port with the command errdisable recovery cause l2ptguard. This command is used to configure the recovery mechanism from a Layer 2 maximum rate error so that the interface can be brought out of the disabled state and allowed to try again. You can also set the time interval. Errdisable recovery is disabled by default; when enabled, the default time interval is 300 seconds.

• Incorrect SFP cable

  Ports go into errdisable state with the %PHY-4-SFP_NOT_SUPPORTED error message when you connect Catalyst 3560 and Catalyst 3750 Switches and use an SFP Interconnect Cable.

  The Cisco Catalyst 3560 SFP Interconnect Cable (CAB-SFP-50CM=) provides for a low-cost, point-to-point, Gigabit Ethernet connection between Catalyst 3560 Series Switches. The 50-centimeter (cm) cable is an alternative to the SFP transceivers to interconnect Catalyst 3560 Series Switches through their SFP ports over a short distance. All Cisco Catalyst 3560 Series Switches support the SFP Interconnect Cable.

  When a Catalyst 3560 Switch is connected to a Catalyst 3750 or any other type of Catalyst switch model, you cannot use the CAB-SFP-50CM= cable. You can connect both switches with a copper cable with SFP (GLC-T) on both devices instead of a CAB-SFP-50CM= cable.

• 802.1X Security Violation

  DOT1X-SP-5-SECURITY_VIOLATION: Security violation on interface GigabitEthernet4/8, 
  New MAC address 0080.ad00.c2e4 is seen on the interface in Single host mode
  %PM-SP-4-ERR_DISABLE: security-violation error detected on Gi4/8, putting Gi4/8 in err-disable state

  This message indicates that the port on the specified interface is configured in single-host mode. Any new host that is detected on the interface is treated as a security violation. The port has been error disabled.

  Ensure that only one host is connected to the port. If you need to connect to an IP phone and a host behind it, configure Multidomain Authentication Mode on that switchport.

  The Multidomain authentication (MDA) mode allows an IP phone and a single host behind the IP phone to authenticate independently, with 802.1X, MAC authentication bypass (MAB), or (for the host only) web-based authentication. In this application, Multidomain refers to two domains — data and voice — and only two MAC addresses are allowed per port. The switch can place the host in the data VLAN and the IP phone in the voice VLAN, though they appear to be on the same switch port. The data VLAN assignment can be obtained from the vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) received from the AAA server within authentication.

  For more information, refer to the Multidomain Authentication Mode section of Configuring 802.1X Port-Based Authentication.

Reenable the Errdisabled Ports

After you fix the root problem, the ports are still disabled if you have not configured errdisable recovery on the switch. In this case, you must reenable the ports manually. Issue the shutdown command and then the no shutdown interface mode command on the associated interface in order to manually reenable the ports.

The errdisable recovery command allows you to choose the type of errors that automatically reenable the ports after a specified amount of time. The show errdisable recovery command shows the default error-disable recovery state for all the possible conditions.

cat6knative#show errdisable recovery
ErrDisable Reason    Timer Status
-----------------    --------------
udld                 Disabled
bpduguard            Disabled
security-violatio    Disabled
channel-misconfig    Disabled
pagp-flap            Disabled
dtp-flap             Disabled
link-flap            Disabled
l2ptguard            Disabled
psecure-violation    Disabled
gbic-invalid         Disabled
dhcp-rate-limit      Disabled
mac-limit            Disabled
unicast-flood        Disabled
arp-inspection       Disabled

Timer interval: 300 seconds

Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout:

Note: The default timeout interval is 300 seconds and, by default, the timeout feature is disabled.

In order to turn on errdisable recovery and choose the errdisable conditions, issue this command:

cat6knative#errdisable recovery cause ?
  all                 Enable timer to recover from all causes
  arp-inspection      Enable timer to recover from arp inspection error disable
                      state
  bpduguard           Enable timer to recover from BPDU Guard error disable
                      state
  channel-misconfig   Enable timer to recover from channel misconfig disable
                      state
  dhcp-rate-limit     Enable timer to recover from dhcp-rate-limit error
                      disable state
  dtp-flap            Enable timer to recover from dtp-flap error disable state
  gbic-invalid        Enable timer to recover from invalid GBIC error disable
                      state
  l2ptguard           Enable timer to recover from l2protocol-tunnel error
                      disable state
  link-flap           Enable timer to recover from link-flap error disable
                      state
  mac-limit           Enable timer to recover from mac limit disable state
  pagp-flap           Enable timer to recover from pagp-flap error disable
                      state
  psecure-violation   Enable timer to recover from psecure violation disable
                      state
  security-violation  Enable timer to recover from 802.1x violation disable
                      state
  udld                Enable timer to recover from udld error disable state
  unicast-flood       Enable timer to recover from unicast flood disable state

This example shows how to enable the BPDU guard errdisable recovery condition:

cat6knative(Config)#errdisable recovery cause bpduguard

A nice feature of this command is that, if you enable errdisable recovery, the command lists general reasons that the ports have been put into the error-disable state. In this example, notice that the BPDU guard feature was the reason for the shutdown of port 2/4:

cat6knative#show errdisable recovery
ErrDisable Reason    Timer Status
-----------------    --------------
udld                 Disabled
bpduguard            Enabled
security-violatio    Disabled
channel-misconfig    Disabled
pagp-flap            Disabled
dtp-flap             Disabled
link-flap            Disabled
l2ptguard            Disabled
psecure-violation    Disabled
gbic-invalid         Disabled
dhcp-rate-limit      Disabled
mac-limit            Disabled
unicast-flood        Disabled
arp-inspection       Disabled

Timer interval: 300 seconds

Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout:

Interface      Errdisable reason      Time left(sec)
---------    ---------------------    --------------
  Fa2/4                bpduguard          290

If any one of the errdisable recovery conditions is enabled, the ports with this condition are reenabled after 300 seconds. You can also change this default of 300 seconds if you issue this command:

cat6knative(Config)#errdisable recovery interval timer_interval_in_seconds

This example changes the errdisable recovery interval from 300 to 400 seconds:

cat6knative(Config)#errdisable recovery interval 400

Verify

• show version—Displays the version of the software that is used on the switch.

• show interfaces interface interface_number status—Shows the current status of the switch port.

• show errdisable detect—Displays the current settings of the errdisable timeout feature and, if any of the ports are currently error disabled, the reason that they are error disabled.

Troubleshoot

• show interfaces status err-disabled—Shows which local ports are involved in the errdisabled state.

• show etherchannel summary—Shows the current status of the EtherChannel.

• show errdisable recovery—Shows the time period after which the interfaces are enabled for errdisable conditions.

• show errdisable detect—Shows the reason for the errdisable status.

For more information on how to troubleshoot switchport issues, refer to Troubleshooting Switch Port and Interface Problems.

Related Information

• Interface Is in errdisable Status Troubleshooting Hardware and Common Issues on Catalyst 6500/6000 Series Switches Running Cisco IOS System Software
• Spanning Tree PortFast BPDU Guard Enhancement
• Understanding EtherChannel Inconsistency Detection
• Troubleshooting Switch Port and Interface Problems
• LAN Product Support
• LAN Switching Technology Support
• Technical Support — Cisco Systems

Страница была создана 28.04.2022

Команда показывает статистику трафика и ошибок на определённом интерфейсе:

Switch#show interfaces имя_интерфейса

Пример вывода команды show interfaces, обратите внимание, на выделенный текст желтым цветом.

Switch#show interfaces gi0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
 Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 001e.1478.b7b1 (bia 001e.1478.b7b1)
 Description: SW-2
 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
  reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX
 input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported
 ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of «show interface» counters never
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 42164
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 781000 bits/sec, 122 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 183000 bits/sec, 65 packets/sec
  75482 packets input, 104620499 bytes, 0 no buffer
  Received 6352 broadcasts (3951 multicasts)
  0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
  105684 input errors, 103301 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
  0 watchdog, 3951 multicast, 0 pause input
  0 input packets with dribble condition detected
  39937001 packets output, 2917338077 bytes, 0 underruns
  0 output errors, 0 collisions, 4 interface resets
  10 unknown protocol drops
  0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
  0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
  0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

После того, как вы устранили вероятную ошибку, нужно сбросить счётчики, чтобы убедиться, что ошибок больше нет.

После сброса, повторно проверяем счетчики, как видим счетчики обнулились, в примере я выделил их жёлтым цветом.

Switch#show interfaces gi0/1
GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
 Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 001e.1478.b7b1 (bia 001e.1478.b7b1)
 Description: SW-2
 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
  reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 Full-duplex, 1000Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX
 input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported
 ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
 Last clearing of «show interface» counters 00:00:08
 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
 5 minute input rate 1352000 bits/sec, 306 packets/sec
 5 minute output rate 313000 bits/sec, 91 packets/sec
  1274 packets input, 455165 bytes, 0 no buffer
  Received 199 broadcasts (118 multicasts)
  0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
  0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
  0 watchdog, 118 multicast, 0 pause input
  0 input packets with dribble condition detected
  663 packets output, 312346 bytes, 0 underruns
  0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
  0 unknown protocol drops
  0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
  0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause outputv
  0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

В таблице показаны некоторые значение и описания к ним.

You can view the counters for a port on a Cisco switch using the
show interfaces command. E.g., if I want to check on whether

cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors have been occurring on port fa0/16,
I can issue the command shown below:

Huron>show interfaces fa0/16
FastEthernet0/16 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 0009.e897.d290 (bia 0009.e897.d290)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 19/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Full-duplex, 10Mb/s, media type is 100BaseTX
  input flow-control is unsupported output flow-control is unsupported
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input never, output 00:00:00, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 2d17h
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 24000 bits/sec, 40 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 756000 bits/sec, 64 packets/sec
     46168 packets input, 4608074 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 1250 broadcasts (1161 multicast)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     121 input errors, 16 CRC, 105 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 watchdog, 1161 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     255151 packets output, 119141892 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Huron>

I can see that 16 CRC errors have occurred since the counters for this
port were last reset 2 days and 17 hours ago. I can tell the counters for
the port were reset that long ago from the line below that appears in
the output of the «show interface» command.

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 2d17h

I can reset the counters by entering

privileged EXEC mode by isssuing the enable command. I can
then clear the counters for just the one particular port by the command
clear counters port_designator. When you enter the
command you will be prompted to confirm that you wish the counters
on the interface to be reset. You can enter y to confirm that
you wish that action taken. E.g.:

Huron>enable
Password:
Huron#clear counters fa0/16
Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm]y
Huron#show interface fa0/16
FastEthernet0/16 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 0009.e897.d290 (bia 0009.e897.d290)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Full-duplex, 10Mb/s, media type is 100BaseTX
  input flow-control is unsupported output flow-control is unsupported
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input never, output 00:00:01, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:01:27
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts (0 multicast)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     80 packets output, 7161 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Huron#

In addition to resetting the error counters, the clear counters
command also resets the input and output counters.

Huron>show interfaces fa0/16 counters

Port            InOctets   InUcastPkts   InMcastPkts   InBcastPkts
Fa0/16            386867          1624           294            21

Port           OutOctets  OutUcastPkts  OutMcastPkts  OutBcastPkts
Fa0/16           2527937          2352           671            39
Huron>enable
Password:
Huron#clear counters fa0/16
Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm]y
Huron#show interfaces fa0/16 counters

Port            InOctets   InUcastPkts   InMcastPkts   InBcastPkts
Fa0/16                 0             0             0             0

Port           OutOctets  OutUcastPkts  OutMcastPkts  OutBcastPkts
Fa0/16               192             0             3             0
Huron#

Errdisable is a feature that automatically disables a port on a Cisco Catalyst switch. When a port is error disabled, it is effectively shut down and no traffic is sent or received on that port.

The error disabled  feature is supported on most Catalyst switches running the Cisco IOS software. Including all the following models:

• Catalyst 2940 / 2950 / 2960 / 2960S
• Catalyst 3550 / 3560 / 3560-E / 3750 / 3750-E
• Catalyst 4000 / 4500 / 4507R
• Catalyst 6000 / 6500

 The Errdisable error disable feature was designed to inform the administrator when there is a port problem or error.  The reasons a catalyst switch can go into Errdisable mode and shutdown a port are many and include:

• Duplex Mismatch

• Loopback Error

• Link Flapping (up/down)
• Port Security Violation
• Unicast Flodding
• UDLD Failure
• Broadcast Storms
• BPDU Guard

When a port is in error-disabled state, it is effectively shut down and no traffic is sent or received on that port. The port LED is set to the orange color and, when you issue the show interfaces command, the port status shows as Errdisabled.

Following is an example of what an error-disabled port looks like:

2960G# show interface gigabit0/7
GigabitEthernet0/7 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled)
  Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 001b.54aa.c107 (bia 001b.54aa.c107)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
     reliability 234/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Auto-duplex, Auto-speed, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX
  input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 18w5d, output 18w5d, output hang never
  Last clearing of «show interface» counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     1011 packets input, 862666 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 157 broadcasts (0 multicast)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     3021 input errors, 2 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 watchdog, 144 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     402154 packets output, 86290866 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

To recover a port that is in an Errdisable state, manual intervention is required, and the administrator must access the switch and configure the specific port with ‘shutdown‘ followed by the ‘no shutdown‘ command. This command sequence will enable the port again, however, if the problem persists expect to find the port in Errdisable state again soon.

Understanding and Configuring Errdisable AutoRecovery

As outlined above, there are a number of reasons a port can enter the Errdisable state.  One common reason is the Port Security error, also used in our example below.

Of all the errors, Port Security is more a feature rather than an error. Port Security allows the restriction of MAC Addresses on an interface configured as a layer 2 port. This effectively prevents others connecting unwanted hubs or switches on the network. Port Security allows us to specify a single MAC Address to be connected to a specific port, thus restricting access to a specific computer.

In the case of a violation, Port Security will automatically disable the port. This is the behaviour of the default port security policy when enabling Port Security. Following is a configuration example of port security:

2960G(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/48
2960G(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2
2960G(config-if)# switchport mode access
2960G(config-if)# switchport port-security
2960G(config-if)# spanning-tree portfast

Once a host is connected to the port, we can get more information on its port-security status and actions that will be taken when a violation occurs:

2960G# show port-security interface GigabitEthernet 0/48
Port Security                    : Enabled
Port Status                       : Secure-up
Violation Mode                  : Shutdown
Aging Time                       : 0 mins
Aging Type                       : Absolute
SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled
Maximum MAC Addresses   : 1
Total MAC Addresses          : 1
Configured MAC Addresses : 0
Sticky MAC Addresses        : 0
Last Source Address:Vlan   : 001b.54aa.c107
Security Violation Count     : 0

Note that the Violation Mode is set to Shutdown. This means that when a violation is detected, the switch will place gigabitethernet 0/48 in the err-disable shutdown state as shown below:

%PORT_SECURITY-2-PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused by MAC address 0031.f6ac.03f5 on port GigabitEthernet0/48

2960G(config)# errdisable recovery cause psecure-violation
2960G(config)# errdisable recovery interval 30

Determine the Reason for the Errdisabled State

To view the Errdisabled reasons, and see for which reason the autorecovery feature has been enabled, use the show Errdisable recovery command:

 We have now confirmed that autorecovery is enabled for port-security violations. If it is required to enable the Errdisable autorecovery feature for all supported reasons, use the following command:

2960G(config)# errdisable recovery cause all

To test our configuration we forced a port security violation, causing the switch to place the offending port in the shutdown state. Notice we’ve enabled autorecovery for all Errdisable reasons and the time left to enable the interfaces placed in shutdown state by the port security violation:

Seventeen seconds later, the switch automatically recovered from the port security violation and re-enabled the interface:

%PM-4-ERR_RECOVER: Attempting to recover from secure-violation err-disable state on gigabitethernet0/48
18w4d: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/48, changed state to up
18w4d: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/48, changed state to up

Disabling The Errdisable Feature

2960G# show errdisable detect


-----------------      ---------    ----
bpduguard               Enabled      port
channel-misconfig       Enabled      port
community-limit         Enabled      port
dhcp-rate-limit         Enabled      port
dtp-flap                Enabled      port
gbic-invalid            Enabled      port
inline-power            Enabled      port
invalid-policy          Enabled      port
link-flap               Enabled      port
loopback                Enabled      port
lsgroup                 Enabled      port
mac-limit               Enabled      port
pagp-flap               Enabled      port
port-mode-failure       Enabled      port
secure-violation        Enabled      port/vlan
security-violation      Enabled      port
sfp-config-mismatch     Enabled      port
small-frame             Enabled      port
storm-control           Enabled      port
udld                    Enabled      port
vmps                    Enabled      port

2960G(config)# errdisable recovery cause all

And verify that Errdisable has been disabled for the feature:

2960G# show errdisable detect
ErrDisable Reason      Detection    Mode
-----------------      ---------    ----
bpduguard               Enabled      port
channel-misconfig       Enabled      port
community-limit         Enabled      port
dhcp-rate-limit         Enabled      port
dtp-flap                Enabled      port
gbic-invalid            Enabled      port
inline-power            Disabled     port
invalid-policy          Enabled      port
link-flap               Enabled      port
loopback                Enabled      port
lsgroup                 Enabled      port
mac-limit               Enabled      port
pagp-flap               Enabled      port
port-mode-failure       Enabled      port
psecure-violation       Enabled      port/vlan
security-violation      Enabled      port
sfp-config-mismatch     Enabled      port
small-frame             Enabled      port
storm-control           Enabled      port
udld                    Enabled      port
vmps                    Enabled      port


Overall, the Errdisable feature is an extremely useful tool if configured and monitored correctly. Take the necessary time to play around with the supported options of your Cisco Catalyst switch and fine-tune it to suit your network needs. 

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