Ошибка 511 http

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BNAME.RU » Код ошибки HTTP 511 Network Authentication Required

Что означает ошибка 511 Network Authentication Required?

Этот ответ отправляется не сервером, на который был предназначен запрос, а прокси-сервером — например, сервером провайдера — в случае, если клиент должен сначала войти в сеть, например, ввести пароль для платной точки доступа в Интернет. Предполагается, что веб-форма авторизации или перенаправления на нее будет возвращена в теле ответа. Введено в проект RFC 6585

Источник

The HTTP 511 Network Authentication Required response
status code indicates that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access.

This status is not generated by origin servers, but by intercepting proxies that
control access to the network.

Network operators sometimes require some authentication, acceptance of terms, or other
user interaction before granting access (for example in an internet café or at an
airport). They often identify clients who have not done so using their Media Access
Control (MAC) addresses.

Status

511 Network Authentication Required

Specifications

See also

  • Proxy server
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Время на прочтение
2 мин

Количество просмотров 13K

На рассмотрение в IETF поданы спецификации новых кодов состояния HTTP, которые более точно описывают некоторые типичные ситуации.

428 Precondition Required
429 Too Many Requests
431 Request Header Fields Too Large 
511 Network Authentication Required

Код состояния 428 (precondition required) означает, что серверу требуются условия выполнения запроса. Это типичная ситуация, когда клиент получает данные по GET, модифицирует их и отправляет назад на сервер через PUT, но к тому времени они уже были модифицированы другим клиентом, из-за чего возникает конфликт. Требуя обусловленного запроса, сервер защищается от возникновения конфликта. При этом обязательно должны быть указаны условия для корректной отправки данных на сервер. 

HTTP/1.1 428 Precondition Required
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Precondition Required</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>Precondition Required</h1>
         <p>This request is required to be conditional;
            try using "If-Match".</p>
   </body>
</html>

Код состояния 429 (too many requests) означает, что пользователь отправил слишком много запросов в заданный период времени. Ответ должен содержать объяснение нарушенного условия и может содержать заголовок Retry-After с указанием времени, которое нужно подождать перед повтором.

HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Content-Type: text/html
Retry-After: 3600

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Too Many Requests</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>Too many Requests</h1>
      <p>I only allow 50 requests per hour to this Web site per
         logged in user. Try again soon.</p>
   </body>
</html>

Код состояния 431 (request header fields too large) используется тогда, когда сервер отказывает в обработке запроса из-за того, что один или несколько заголовков в сумме превышают норму. Во втором случае в ответе должно содержаться указание, какой именно заголовок вызвал проблему.

HTTP/1.1 431 Request Header Fields Too Large
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Request Header Fields Too Large</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>Request Header Fields Too Large</h1>
      <p>The "Example" header was too large.</p>
   </body>
</html>

Код состояния 511 (network authentication required) означает, что нужно выполнить аутентификацию, при этом в ответе должна содержаться инструкция о том, как это сделать, например, с помощью HTML-формы по указанному адресу. Ошибку 511 возвращает не целевой сервер, а прокси, который не пускает пользователя в сеть (например, маршрутизатор в зоне платного Wi-Fi при неавторизованном доступе).

Например, пользователь отправляет HTTP-запрос по TCP на порт 80.

GET /index.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com

Логин-сервер возвращает такой ответ.

HTTP/1.1 511 Network Authentication Required
Refresh: 0; url=https://login.example.net/
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Network Authentication Required</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <p>You need to <a href="https://login.example.net/">
      authenticate with the local network</a> in order to get
      access.</p>
   </body>
</html>
Источник

The Internet has become an integral part of our lives, and it’s no surprise that HTTP status 511 Network Authentication Required is a frequent source of frustration for many users. But what exactly does this error mean? And how can we fix it? This comprehensive guide will provide all the answers to help ensure your online experience remains seamless.

The first step in understanding any issue is to define its parameters, and with HTTP status 511 Network Authentication Required, there are two key elements: authentication and access control. In order to grant access to restricted resources on a server or website, some form of authentication must be required from the user. If they fail to meet these requirements – by entering incorrect credentials or attempting to access a resource without permission – then they may receive an error message indicating “network authentication required.”

What Is The Error 511 Network Authentication Required?

Error 511 Network Authentication Required is an HTTP status code that indicates network access is required in order to fulfill the requested http request. This specific status code is one of many within the family of http status codes, all of which are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). When a user attempts to access a website or other online resource and receives this error message, it means their device must be authenticated before they can gain access to the desired content. In short, Error 511 is an indication that additional steps must be taken for authentication purposes prior to being allowed entry into the given system.

When received as part of an http response from a server, it typically signifies that there has been some kind of failure during authorization on behalf of either the client or server side. The exact cause behind such failures may vary depending on multiple factors related to both parties involved in making and receiving requests over networks. To further understand why this issue occurs requires analyzing common causes associated with its occurrence.

Causes Of Http 511 Error

The HTTP 511 Network Authentication Required error is one of the most common errors encountered when attempting to access a website. It occurs when users are denied access until they authenticate themselves through a network authentication process, typically by providing credentials such as a username and password. This type of control is implemented in order to grant or deny access to certain parts of the network, usually based on user privileges. The mechanism used for this purpose can be either route notifications sent from origin servers or user interaction with a login interface (such as captive portals).
In any case, it’s essential that all clients go through an authorization procedure before they can continue accessing the requested resource online. Otherwise, unauthorized requests will result in the HTTP 511 Error being displayed.

511 Network Authentication Required is an HTTP status code that indicates users must authenticate to gain access. It usually occurs when network operators require authentication for a particular location or destination on the route of their planning. To fix 511 errors, it’s important to understand how they happen in the first place and what measures can be taken to solve them.

Intercepting proxies are one common cause of 511 errors; these can occur if someone has inadvertently set up a proxy server without the correct authentication requirements in place. In this case, signing out and back into the website with an email address and password should provide a solution. Alternatively, resetting the router or contacting your internet service provider could also help resolve any connection issues that may be causing 511 errors.

To prevent future problems with gaining access, it is advisable to use secure networks whenever possible and only sign in via trusted websites – this will ensure that all transactions remain private while ensuring data security at the same time. If a user encounters a repeated 511 error, then contact customer support as soon as possible so they can investigate further.

Similar Http Status Codes To 511 Network Authentication Required

Other HTTP status codes are similar to 511 Network Authentication Required. These include 401 Unauthorized, which is sent when a user attempts to access protected resources without the proper credentials; 407 Proxy Authorization Required, which is returned when a proxy server requires authentication from the client before it allows them to access the requested resource; and 498 Invalid Token, which occurs if an invalid or expired token is sent in a request.

The 503 Service Unavailable code may also be encountered when attempting to connect to certain networks. This happens due to insufficient capacity or maintenance on the network side. It can usually be resolved by creating route notifications or event notifications that add waypoint destinations. Similarly, response representation errors (406 Not Acceptable) occur when a server’s response cannot be represented using the format specified in the request header field content type. Captive portals are another common issue that requires network authentication – these typically appear as web pages requesting users enter their email address and password before they can remember access to the network.

All HTTP status codes by categories

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The client needs to authenticate to gain network access.

The response representation SHOULD contain a link to a resource that allows the user to submit credentials (e.g., with an HTML form).

Note that the 511 response SHOULD NOT contain a challenge or the login interface itself, because browsers would show the login interface as being associated with the originally requested URL, which may cause confusion.

The 511 status SHOULD NOT be generated by origin servers; it is intended for use by intercepting proxies that are interposed as a means of controlling access to the network.

Responses with the 511 status code MUST NOT be stored by a cache.

The 511 status code is designed to mitigate problems caused by “captive portals” to software (especially non-browser agents) that is expecting a response from the server that a request was made to, not the intervening network infrastructure. It is not intended to encourage deployment of captive portals — only to limit the damage caused by them.

A network operator wishing to require some authentication, acceptance of terms, or other user interaction before granting access usually does so by identifying clients who have not done so (“unknown clients”) using their Media Access Control (MAC) addresses.

Unknown clients then have all traffic blocked, except for that on TCP port 80, which is sent to an HTTP server (the “login server”) dedicated to “logging in” unknown clients, and of course traffic to the login server itself.

For example, a user agent might connect to a network and make the following HTTP request on TCP port 80:

GET /index.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com

Upon receiving such a request, the login server would generate a 511 response:

HTTP/1.1 511 Network Authentication Required
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Network Authentication Required</title>
    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=https://login.example.net/">
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>You need to <a href="https://login.example.net/">
    authenticate with the local network</a> in order to gain
    access.</p>
  </body>
</html>

Here, the 511 status code assures that non-browser clients will not interpret the response as being from the origin server, and the META HTML element redirects the user agent to the login server.

  • Source: RFC6585 Section 6

511 CODE REFERENCES

Symfony HTTP Status Constant Response::HTTP_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED

.NET HttpStatusCode.NetworkAuthenticationRequired

Rust http::StatusCode::NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED

Rails :network_authentication_required

Go http.StatusNetworkAuthenticationRequired

Python3.5+ http.HTTPStatus.NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED

Apache HttpComponents Core org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus.SC_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED

Angular @angular/common/http/HttpStatusCode.NetworkAuthenticationRequired

511 status code example

Here’s an example of a request and response that could result in a 511 Network Authentication Required status code:

Request

GET /resource HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com

Response

HTTP/1.1 511 Network Authentication Required
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 231

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>511 Network Authentication Required</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Network Authentication Required</h1>
<p>The client needs to authenticate to gain network access.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this example, the client is requesting the “/resource” URL from the example.com server. However, the server responds with a 511 Network Authentication Required status code to indicate that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access. The response includes a message body that provides additional details about the error.

What causes a 511 status code?

A 511 Network Authentication Required status code is typically used when a client needs to authenticate to gain network access, but hasn’t. This status code is typically seen in corporate or enterprise environments where network access is restricted and clients are required to authenticate themselves in order to access the network.

The 511 status code is often used when a client attempts to access a resource over an encrypted connection (such as HTTPS) and the network requires additional authentication before granting access. This can happen if the client’s user account does not have the necessary permissions to access the resource or if the network has additional security measures in place.

How to fix a 511 status code

As a client accessing a server, the best way to troubleshoot or fix a 511 Network Authentication Required status code is to ensure that you are properly authenticated to access the resource you are requesting.

Here are some steps you can take to troubleshoot the issue:

  • Check your credentials: Ensure that you are using the correct username and password to authenticate to the network or resource you are trying to access.
  • Check your permissions: Make sure that your user account has the necessary permissions to access the resource you are requesting. If you do not have the required permissions, contact the network administrator to request access.
  • Check for additional security measures: In some cases, a network may have additional security measures in place that require additional authentication beyond a username and password. Check with the network administrator to see if there are any additional steps you need to take to access the resource.
  • Check the server logs: If you are still unable to access the resource, check the server logs for any error messages that may provide more information about the issue. The server logs may provide additional details about why the 511 status code was returned and what actions you can take to resolve the issue.

In short, the best way to troubleshoot or fix a 511 status code is to ensure that you are properly authenticated and authorized to access the resource you are requesting, and to check for any additional security measures or server-side issues that may be preventing access.

Additional resources

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Return to List of HTTP Status Codes

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