Ошибка ora 28001

Перестало работать приложение, использующее СУБД Oracle XE, в логе сообщение об истечении срока действия пароля: ORA-28001: the password has expired. При чем, было неизвестно под каким пользователем коннектится приложение. Но ясно, что искать надо просроченные пароли.

Приконнектиться к базе как супер админ:

conn / as sysdba

Посмотреть пользователей с истекшими паролями:

SQL> SELECT USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS FROM dba_users WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS LIKE '%EXPIRED%';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
DIP                            EXPIRED > LOCKED
ORACLE_OCM                     EXPIRED > LOCKED
DBSNMP                         EXPIRED > LOCKED
APPQOSSYS                      EXPIRED > LOCKED
ORAUSER                        EXPIRED > LOCKED

Стало ясно, что искомый пользователь ORAUSER. Теперь надо его разлочить и сменитьпереназначить пароль:

SQL> ALTER USER orauser ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
User altered.
SQL> ALTER USER orauser IDENTIFIED BY newpass;
User altered.

Проверить статус и дополнительно посмотреть дату истечения пароля:

SQL> SELECT USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,EXPIRY_DATE FROM dba_users WHERE USERNAME LIKE '%ORAUSER%';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DA
------------------------------ -------------------------------- ---------
ORAUSER                        OPEN                             03-JAN-15

Видно, что учетка работает, но 3 января срок действия пароля снова истечет. Чтобы этого не происходило надо отключить данную возможность. Для этого надо узнать к какому профилю относится пользователь и отключить истечение времени действия пароля для этого профиля:

SQL> SELECT USERNAME,PROFILE from dba_users WHERE USERNAME LIKE '%ORAUSER%';

USERNAME                       PROFILE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
ORAUSER                        ORAPROFILE

SQL> ALTER PROFILE oraprofile LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
Profile altered.

Убедиться что все сработало. Поле EXPIRY_DATE должно быть пустым:

SQL> SELECT USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,EXPIRY_DATE FROM dba_users WHERE USERNAME LIKE '%ORAUSER%';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DA
------------------------------ -------------------------------- ---------
ORAUSER                        OPEN

Все.

ORA-28001 means that your password has been expired according to your profile. Normally, you should change the password, but you can still work around it. Don’t be confused with ORA-28000: The account is locked, it’s a different account problem.

SQL> conn hr/hr
ERROR:
ORA-28001: the password has expired

While ORA-28001 alerts that the password has expired, ORA-28002 warns that the password will expired soon in grace time.

A preventive action is to make PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME into UNLIMITED in the profile, there will be no more expiration in the future. However, at this moment, the password expiration notice has been triggered, we need to solve it.

Solutions to ORA-28001

There’re several ways to solve ORA-28001.

1. Change Password

The formal way to solve it is to change the password.

2. Defer Expiration

An unofficial way to solve it is to revert the expiration.

3. Set Original Password

If you want to set the original password, you can try this way.

Change Password

Of course, user can change the password immediately at connect-time.

Changing password for hr
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed
Connected.

A privileged user can do it too.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter user hr identified by hr;

You can also use various GUI tools to change the password.

Defer Expiration

For senior DBA, you may consider to defer the password expiration.

Set Original Password

In some cases, changing password can not be done because the password is bound to specific application and even worse, no one remember the original one! So is there any way to unexpire the password? No, at least no direct syntax supports that, we have to set the original password for our user.

Here comes a question, where to find the original password? For 10g and early versions, just lookup the PASSWORD column in the dictionary view DBA_USERS, which is the encrypted value of password. But for later versions, the column is deprecated and shows nothing.

Now, let’s see what we can do to find the original password.

1. Generate the user’s DDL.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> set long 4000;
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','HR') stmt from dual;

2. Set Password by VALUES String

In the output, the string follows IDENTIFIED BY VALUES is the original encrypted password. We can use it to set the password. Just don’t forget to remove line breaks in betweens before using it.

SQL> alter USER "HR" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:E129CFF697C9B08E613D3B22B13DC1124B80F9346C79FAECF8426B7F3580;T:3716DFD59DAF47A9DA01E6EAE75FC3A86D4911C6FD494F5517FE14E19F89E781BF193E27338CE1D8F3BEE184B1B22DD1B5C3A6A355E7EB7118E53C30B5CE60E2469162F618D658D761207BDF81523871';

Now the user’s password is unexpired, just like nothing happened.

SQL> conn hr/hr;
Connected.

Please note that, changing the profile with unlimited PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME for the user can not save ORA-28001 at this moment. But it makes your password unexpired afterwards.

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