Outside function python ошибка

У вас вообще беда с пробелами из-за этого Ваша функция birthday() принимает на вход amount и iteration, не возвращает ничего, а только импортирует from random import randrange. Если Вы хотите, чтобы весь код, кроме вывода результата, был в теле функции это должно выглядеть так:

def birthday(amount, iteration=10000):
    from random import randrange

    matches = 0
    for x in range(iteration):
        birthdays = []

        for y in range(1, amount + 1):
            birthdays.append(randrange(1, 366))

        tmp = set(birthdays)

        if len(tmp) != len(birthdays):
            matches += 1

    return matches / iteration * 100


result = birthday(23)
print(result)

Python raises the error “SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function” once it encounters a return statement outside a function.

Here’s what the error looks like:

File /dwd/sandbox/test.py, line 4
  return True
  ^^^^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: 'return' outside function

Based on Python’s syntax & semantics, a return statement may only be used in a function to return a value to the caller. 

However, if — for some reason — a return statement isn’t nested in a function, Python’s interpreter raises the «SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function» error.

Using the return statement outside a function isn’t something you’d do on purpose, though; This error usually happens when the indentation-level of a return statement isn’t consistent with the rest of the function.

Additionally, it can occur when you accidentally use a return statement to break out of a loop (rather than using the break statement)

How to fix the «‘return’ outside function» error?

This syntax error happens under various scenarios including:

1. Inconsistent indentation
2. Using the return statement to break out of a loop

Let’s explore each scenario with some examples.

👇 Continue Reading

Inconsistent indentation: A common cause of this syntax error is an inconsistent indentation, meaning Python doesn’t consider the return statement a part of a function because its indentation level is different.

In the following example, we have a function that accepts a number and checks if it’s an even number:

# 🚫 SyntaxError: 'return' outside function
def isEven(value):
  remainder = value % 2
  
  # if the remainder of the division is zero, it's even
return remainder == 0

As you probably noticed, we hadn’t indented the return statement relative to the isEven() function.

To fix it, we correct the indentation like so:

# ✅ Correct
def isEven(value):
  remainder = value % 2
  
  # if the remainder of the division is zero, it's even
  return remainder == 0

Problem solved!

Let’s see another example:

# 🚫 SyntaxError: 'return' outside function
def check_age(age):
  print('checking the rating...')

# if the user is under 12, don't play the movie
if (age < 12):
  print('The movie can't be played!')
  return

In the above code, the if block has the same indentation level as the top-level code. As a result, the return statement is considered outside the function.

To fix the error, we bring the whole if block to the same indentation level as the function.

# ✅ Correct
def check_age(age):
  print('checking the rating...')
  
  # if the user is under 12, don't play the movie
  if (age < 12):
    print('The movie can't be played!')
    return

  print('Playing the movie')

check_age(25)
# output: Playing the movie

Using the return statement to break out of a loop: Another reason for this error is using a return statement to stop a for loop located in the top-level code.

The following code is supposed to print the first fifteen items of a range object:

# 🚫 SyntaxError: 'return' outside function
items = range(1, 100)

# print the first 15 items
for i in items:
  if i > 15:
    return
  print(i)

👇 Continue Reading

However, based on Python’s semantics, the return statement isn’t used to break out of functions — You should use the break statement instead:

# ✅ Correct
items = range(1, 100)

# print the first 15 items
for i in items:
  if i > 15:
    break
  print(i)

In conclusion, always make sure the return statement is indented relative to its surrounding function. Or if you’re using it to break out of a loop, replace it with a break statement.

Alright, I think it does it. I hope this quick guide helped you solve your problem.

Thanks for reading.

Reza Lavarian Hey 👋 I’m a software engineer, an author, and an open-source contributor. I enjoy helping people (including myself) decode the complex side of technology. I share my findings on Twitter: @rlavarian

In this Python tutorial, we will discuss how to fix an error, syntaxerror return outside function python, and can’t assign to function call in python The error return outside function python comes while working with function in python.

In python, this error can come when the indentation or return function does not match.

Example:

def add(x, y):
  sum = x + y
return(sum)
print(" Total is: ", add(20, 50))

After writing the above code (syntaxerror return outside function python), Ones you will print then the error will appear as a “ SyntaxError return outside function python ”. Here, line no 3 is not indented or align due to which it throws an error ‘return’ outside the function.

You can refer to the below screenshot python syntaxerror: ‘return’ outside function

To solve this SyntaxError: return outside function python we need to check the code whether the indentation is correct or not and also the return statement should be inside the function so that this error can be resolved.

Example:

def add(x, y):
  sum = x + y
  return(sum)
print(" Total is: ", add(20, 50))

After writing the above code (syntaxerror return outside function python), Once you will print then the output will appear as a “ Total is: 70 ”. Here, line no. 3 is resolved by giving the correct indentation of the return statement which should be inside the function so, in this way we can solve this syntax error.

You can refer to the below screenshot:

SyntaxError can’t assign to function call in python

In python, syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call error occurs if you try to assign a value to a function call. This means that we are trying to assign a value to a function.

Example:

chocolate = [
     { "name": "Perk", "sold":934 },
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 1200},
     { "name": "Dairy Milk Silk", "sold": 1208},
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 984}
]
def sold_1000_times(chocolate):
    top_sellers = []
    for c in chocolate:
        if c["sold"] > 1000:
            top_sellers.append(c)
    return top_sellers
sold_1000_times(chocolate) = top_sellers
print(top_sellers)

After writing the above code (syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call in python), Ones you will print “top_sellers” then the error will appear as a “ SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call ”. Here, we get the error because we’re trying to assign a value to a function call.

You can refer to the below screenshot cannot assign to function call in python

To solve this syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call we have to assign a function call to a variable. We have to declare the variable first followed by an equals sign, followed by the value that should be assigned to that variable. So, we reversed the order of our variable declaration.

Example:

chocolate = [
     { "name": "Perk", "sold":934 },
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 1200},
     { "name": "Dairy Milk Silk", "sold": 1208},
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 984}
]
def sold_1000_times(chocolate):
    top_sellers = []
    for c in chocolate:
        if c["sold"] > 1000:
            top_sellers.append(c)
    return top_sellers
top_sellers
 = sold_1000_times(chocolate)
print(top_sellers)

After writing the above code (cannot assign to function call in python), Ones you will print then the output will appear as “[{ “name”: “Kit Kat”, “sold”: 1200}, {“name”: “Dairy Milk Silk”, “sold”: 1208}] ”. Here, the error is resolved by giving the variable name first followed by the value that should be assigned to that variable.

You can refer to the below screenshot cannot assign to function call in python is resolved

You may like the following Python tutorials:

• Remove character from string Python
• Create an empty array in Python
• Invalid syntax in python
• syntaxerror invalid character in identifier python3
• How to handle indexerror: string index out of range in Python
• Unexpected EOF while parsing Python
• Python built-in functions with examples

This is how to solve python SyntaxError: return outside function error and SyntaxError can’t assign to function call in python. This post will be helpful for the below error messages:

• syntaxerror return outside function
• python syntaxerror: ‘return’ outside function
• return outside of function python
• return’ outside function python
• python error return outside function
• python ‘return’ outside function
• syntaxerror return not in function