Проверка на ошибку mysql

How to check and repair MySQL Databases

You will need know how to check and repair MySQL databases or tables when you troubleshoot your website as they may have become corrupt. The mysqlcheck command is a maintenance tool that can be used to check, repair, analyze and optimize multiple tables from the command line. One of the best features of using mysqlcheck is that you don’t need to stop the MySQL service to perform the database maintenance.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to check/repair MySQL databases and tables.

Note : It is recommended to take a backup of your databases before performing a database repair operation.

Basic Syntax of mysqlcheck

A basic syntax of mysqlcheck is shown below:

mysqlcheck [OPTION] DATABASENAME TABLENAME -u root -p

A brief explanation of each option that you can use with mysqlcheck as shown below:

-c : Used to check a table for errors

-C : Used to check a tables that are changed after last week.

-a : Used to analyze tables.

-A : Used to check all databases.

-g : Used to check tables for version-dependent changes.

-B, –databases : Used to specify multiple databases.

-F : Used to check tables that are not closed properly.

–fix-db-names : Used to fix the database name.

–fix-table-names : Used to fix the table name.

–e : Used to perform an extended check.

-r : Used to repair corrupt table.

Check a Specific Table in a MySQL Database

In some cases, you need to check a specific table in a specific database. In that case, you can use the following syntax:

mysqlcheck -c databasename tablename -u root -p

For example, checks authors table in books database by running the following command:

mysqlcheck -c books authors -u root -p

You should get the following output:

 books.authors                                      OK

Check All Tables in a MySQL Database

If you want to check all the tables in a specific database use the following syntax:

mysqlcheck -c databasename -u root -p

For example, check all tables in books database by running the following command:

mysqlcheck -c books -u root -p

You should get the following output:

 Enter password:  
 books.accountant                                   OK
 books.authors                                      OK
 books.writer                                       OK 

Check and Optimize All Tables and All MySQL Databases

You can check all tables and all databases using the following command:

mysqlcheck -c -u root -p --all-databases

Output:

 Enter password:  
 books.accountant                                   OK
 books.authors                                      OK
 books.writer                                       OK
 guest.MyGuests                                     OK
 movies.netflix                                     OK
 mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
 mysql.component                                    OK
 mysql.db                                           OK
 mysql.default_roles                                OK
 mysql.engine_cost                                  OK
 mysql.func                                         OK
 mysql.general_log                                  OK
 mysql.global_grants                                OK
 mysql.gtid_executed                                OK
 mysql.help_category                                OK
 mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
 mysql.help_relation                                OK
 mysql.help_topic                                   OK
 mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
 mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
 mysql.password_history                             OK
 mysql.plugin                                       OK
 mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
 mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
 mysql.role_edges                                   OK
 mysql.server_cost                                  OK
 mysql.servers                                      OK
 mysql.slave_master_info                            OK
 mysql.slave_relay_log_info                         OK
 mysql.slave_worker_info                            OK

You can optimize all tables and all databases using the following command:

mysqlcheck -o root -p --all-databases

Output:

 Enter password:  
 books.accountant
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 books.authors
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 books.writer
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 guest.MyGuests
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 movies.netflix
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 mysql.columns_priv
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 mysql.component
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 mysql.db
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 mysql.default_roles
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK
 mysql.engine_cost
 note     : Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead
 status   : OK

In the above output, you should see “Table does not support optimize” which means the InnoDB table that doesn’t support this option.

Repair MySQL Databases

To repair accountant tables in books database run the following command:

mysqlcheck -r books accountant -u root -p

Output:

 mysqlcheck -r books accountant -u root -p
 Enter password:  
 books.accountant                                   OK 

To repair all tables in both books and movies database run the following command:

mysqlcheck -r --databases books movies -u root -p

Output:

 Enter password:  
 books.accountant                                   OK
 books.authors                                      OK
 books.writer                                       OK
 movies.netflix                                     OK

To check and repair all tables in all databases run the following command:

mysqlcheck --auto-repair --all-databases -u root -p

Output:

 Enter password:  
 books.accountant                                   OK
 books.authors                                      OK
 books.writer                                       OK
 guest.MyGuests                                     OK
 movies.netflix                                     OK
 mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
 mysql.component                                    OK
 mysql.db                                           OK
 mysql.default_roles                                OK
 mysql.engine_cost                                  OK
 mysql.func                                         OK
 mysql.general_log                                  OK
 mysql.global_grants                                OK
 mysql.gtid_executed                                OK
 mysql.help_category                                OK
 mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
 mysql.help_relation                                OK
 mysql.help_topic                                   OK
 mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
 mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
 mysql.password_history                             OK
 mysql.plugin                                       OK
 mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
 mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
 mysql.role_edges                                   OK
 mysql.server_cost                                  OK
 mysql.servers                                      OK
 mysql.slave_master_info                            OK
 mysql.slave_relay_log_info                         OK
 mysql.slave_worker_info                            OK
 mysql.slow_log                                     OK
 mysql.tables_priv                                  OK
 mysql.time_zone                                    OK
 mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
 mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
 mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
 mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK

Important note: InnoDB storage engine does not support repair. So you will need to change MySQL storage engine from InnoDB to MyISAM.

Check, Repair and Optimize MySQL Database with PHPMyAdmin

You can also check, repair and optimize tables and databases using the PHPMyAdmin web interface.

You can follow the below steps to check, repair and optimize tables and databases:

1- Open the phpMyAdmin tool through a web browser as shown below:

2- Select the affected database in the left pane. You should see all the tables in the right pane in the following screen:

3- Click Check All to select all the tables. At the bottom of the window, choose Check Table from the menu. You should see a summary of the tables in the following screen:

4- To repair the table, Check All to select all the tables and choose Repair Table from the menu. You should see the following page:

Then you should get a confirmation that the command been executed successfully:

5- To optimize the table, Check All to select all the tables and choose Optimize Table from the menu. You should see the following page:

Then you should get a confirmation that the command been executed successfully:

Conclusion

In the above tutorial, we learned how to check and repair MySQL table using mysqlcheck command-line tool. We also learned how to check, repair and optimize database tables using the PHPMyAdmin web interface. I hope you can now easily fix your corrupted tables using this tool.

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Одной из ярких причин возникновения ошибок в базе данных может послужить неправильная остановка сервера MySQL. Как это обычно бывает, сбой в электропитании сервера, либо иные причины, повлекшие за собой банальное отключение машины, либо перезагрузку. Иногда, и нередко подобного рода сбои могут повлечь за собой проблемы, которые решаются лишь путем восстановления данных из бэкапа, и это к вопросу для чего нужно делать бэкапы. Наличие ошибок в базе данных может проявиться не сразу, однако если они есть, то вы их рано или поздно обязательно заметите. Проблемы, как правило, проявляются в виде ошибок после запросов к базе, либо база начинает уходить в раздумье на не свойственное для этого время.
Давайте посмотрим, что можно предпринять первым делом, чтобы попытаться исправить ситуацию. Утилита mysqlcheck как правило устанавливается по умолчанию с сервером MySQL может быть использована для проверки баз данных на ошибки. Рассмотрим пример ее использования.

Использование утилиты mysqlcheck

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --optimize --auto-repair --all-databases

Назначение параметров:

--optimize – Оптимизируем все базы.
--auto-repair – Ремонтируем все базы.
--all-databases – Проверяем ошибки у всех баз.

# mysqlcheck -r имя_базы имя_таблицы_в_базе -u root -p

# service mysqld stop

Анализируем базу данных на наличие ошибок

# myisamchk -s /var/db/mysql/наша_база/*.MYI

Обратите внимание, что путь к базам данных у вас может отличаться, этот момент вам следует так же уточнить. Если есть ошибки, то появиться сообщение подобного вида:

myisamchk: warning: 2 client is using or hasn't closed the table properly
MyISAM-table '/var/db/mysql/наша_база/ary_mem.MYI' is usable but should be fixed

Исправляем ошибки с помощью myisamchk

# myisamchk -r /var/db/mysql/наша_база/ary_mem.MYI

Исправляем ошибки по всем таблицам в базе (рекурсивно)

# myisamchk -r /var/db/mysql/наша_база/*.MYI

Процесс исправления ошибок будет сопровождаться подобным выводом сообщений в окне консоли:

- Fixing index 1
- Fixing index 2
- Fixing index 3

После того как ошибки исправлены, можно запустить сервер MySQL, чтобы убедиться что всё в порядке.
Запуск сервера MySQL

# service mysqld start

Хотелось бы отметить один момент, что команды остановки и запуска сервера MySQL, а так же пути расположения баз данных на вашем сервере могут отличаться, поэтому вам так же следует эти моменты учесть.

One of the clearest reasons for errors in the database can be an improper shutdown of the MySQL server. As it usually happens, there is a power failure of the server, or other reasons that led to a banal shutdown of the machine, or a reboot. Sometimes, and often, this kind of failure can lead to problems that can be solved only by restoring data from a backup, and this is the question of why you need to make backups . The presence of errors in the database may not appear immediately, but if they are, then sooner or later you will definitely notice them. Problems, as a rule, manifest themselves in the form of errors after queries to the database, or the database begins to go into thought for an inappropriate time.

Let’s see what you can do first to try to fix the situation. The mysqlcheck utility is usually installed by default with the MySQL server and can be used to check databases for errors. Let’s consider an example of its use.

Using the mysqlcheck utility

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --optimize --auto-repair --all-databases

Purpose of parameters:

# mysqlcheck -r DB_name Table_name -u root -p

Correction of MyISAM tables

Analyzing the database for errors

# myisamchk -s /var/db/mysql/our_database/*.MYI

Please note that the path to the databases may differ for you, you should also clarify this point. If there are errors, then a message similar to the following will appear:

myisamchk: warning: 2 client is using or hasn't closed the table properly
MyISAM-table '/var/db/mysql/our_database/ary_mem.MYI' is usable but should be fixed

Correcting errors with myisamchk

# myisamchk -r /var/db/mysql/our_database/ary_mem.MYI

We fix errors for all tables in the database (recursively)

# myisamchk -r /var/db/mysql/our_database/*.MYI

The error correction process will be accompanied by a similar message output in the console window:

After the bugs are fixed, you can start the MySQL server to make sure everything is in order.

Starting the MySQL Server

I would like to note one point that the commands for stopping and starting the MySQL server, as well as the paths for the location of the databases on your server, may differ, so you should also take these points into account.

When your mysql table gets corrupted, use mysqlcheck command to repair it.

Mysqlcheck command checks, repairs, optimizes and analyzes the tables.

1. Check a Specific Table in a Database

If your application gives an error message saying that a specific table is corrupted, execute the mysqlcheck command to check that one table.

The following example checks employee table in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -c thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee    OK

You should pass the username/password to the mysqlcheck command. If not, you’ll get the following error message.

# mysqlcheck -c thegeekstuff employee
mysqlcheck: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) when trying to connect

Please note that myisamchk command that we discussed a while back works similar to the mysqlcheck command. However, the advantage of mysqlcheck command is that it can be executed when the mysql daemon is running. So, using mysqlcheck command you can check and repair corrupted table while the database is still running.

2. Check All Tables in a Database

To check all the tables in a particular database, don’t specify the table name. Just specify the database name.

The following example checks all the tables in the alfresco database.

# mysqlcheck -c alfresco  -u root -p
Enter password:
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_COMMENT                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_DECISIONCONDITIONS                   OK
alfresco.JBPM_DELEGATION                           OK
alfresco.JBPM_EVENT                                OK
..

3. Check All Tables and All Databases

To check all the tables and all the databases use the “–all-databases” along with -c option as shown below.

# mysqlcheck -c  -u root -p --all-databases
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
..
..
mysql.help_category
error    : Table upgrade required. Please do "REPAIR TABLE `help_category`" or dump/reload to fix it!
mysql.help_keyword
error    : Table upgrade required. Please do "REPAIR TABLE `help_keyword`" or dump/reload to fix it!
..

If you want to check all tables of few databases, specify the database names using “–databases”.

The following example checks all the tables in thegeekstuff and alfresco database.

# mysqlcheck -c  -u root -p --databases thegeekstuff alfresco
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
..

4. Analyze Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following analyzes employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -a thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee   Table is already up to date

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “ANALYZE TABLE” command. While mysqlcheck is executing the analyze command the table is locked and available for other process only in the read mode.

5. Optimize Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following optimizes employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -o thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee         OK

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “OPTIMIZE TABLE” command. When you delete lot of rows from a table, optimizing it helps to get the unused space and defragment the data file. This might improve performance on huge tables that has gone through several updates.

6. Repair Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following repairs employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -r thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee        OK

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “REPAIR TABLE” command. This will repair and fix a corrupted MyISAM and archive tables.

7. Combine Check, Optimize, and Repair Tables

Instead of checking and repairing separately. You can combine check, optimize and repair functionality together using “–auto-repair” as shown below.

The following checks, optimizes and repairs all the corrupted table in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o thegeekstuff

You an also check, optimize and repair all the tables across all your databases using the following command.

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o --all-databases

If you want to know what the command is doing while it is checking, add the –debug-info as shown below. This is helpful while you are checking a huge table.

# mysqlcheck --debug-info -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o thegeekstuff employee
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee  Table is already up to date

User time 0.00, System time 0.00
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 344, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 12, Involuntary context switches 9

8. Additional Useful Mysqlcheck Options

The following are some of the key options that you can use along with mysqlcheck.

• -A, –all-databases Consider all the databases
• -a, –analyze Analyze tables
• -1, –all-in-1 Use one query per database with tables listed in a comma separated way
• –auto-repair Repair the table automatically it if is corrupted
• -c, –check Check table errors
• -C, –check-only-changed Check tables that are changed since last check
• -g, –check-upgrade Check for version dependent changes in the tables
• -B, –databases Check more than one databases
• -F, –fast Check tables that are not closed properly
• –fix-db-names Fix DB names
• –fix-table-names Fix table names
• -f, –force Continue even when there is an error
• -e, –extended Perform extended check on a table. This will take a long time to execute.
• -m, –medium-check Faster than extended check option, but does most checks
• -o, –optimize Optimize tables
• -q, –quick Faster than medium check option
• -r, –repair Fix the table corruption