Сервер вернул следующую ошибку недопустимый контекст перечисления

I posted this question the other day
Extract e-mail from grouped objects

$OuUser = @{}

$OuUser = Get-AdUser -Properties * -Filter * -SearchBase "domain"   

$Duplicates = $OuUser | Select samaccountname, mail,UserPrincipalName |
    Group-Object Mail | Where{$_.Count -gt 1}

$Duplicates | Select Name,Count,@{l='Accounts';e={($_.Group|Select -Expand samaccountname) -join ';'}} | 
    Export-CSV E:DamoDuplicates.csv -NoTypeInfo

The code works on one domain it works fine, testing it against a small set of users in a OU.

When testing on the domain I want to test against, which has a lot of users in it this code fails. The OU has email address in it which are not of an e-mail format. It points towards Get-ADUser for the error.

Get-ADUser : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration c
ontext.
At C:scriptsCountEmailsDup.ps1:4 char:21
+ $OuUser = Get-AdUser <<<<  -Properties * -Filter * -SearchBase 'ou=external,o
u=user accounts,dc=bizdir,dc=nzpost,dc=co,dc=nz' -SearchScope OneLevel
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-ADUser], ADException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : The server has returned the following error: inv
   alid enumeration context.,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.Ge
  tADUser

I am lost to why I am getting this error on one domain but not another.

Источник

Scenario
Digging for the Roots
Solutions

I ran into a situation similar to the scenario below; although, I caught the problem during testing and not the production implementation. I was faced with a decision to rework my code, or understand the error so I could address it effectively. In this article
I will elaborate on what I found to be the cause of this error, and what situation brings it about. I will then show you what to do about it without having to revert to older methodologies to handle your task.

Scenario

If you have been working in an Active Directory environment for any length of time, there is a good possibility that you have run into a situation where you needed to run some process against all, or at least a large portion, of your Users or Computers.
Managing each account individually is very time consuming and inefficient, so you turn to the almighty PowerShell to automate this process. You start by using Get-ADUser or Get-ADComputer to retrieve the Objects you want from AD, then you use the powerful
Pipeline of PowerShell to send those AD Objects to another cmdlet to do the additional work you need. You may even take the results of the secondary cmdlet and use the pipeline to send them to tertiary, and quaternary cmdlets. The pipeline makes this all very
easy. You’ve tested your process on a few objects and are ready to process against your entire domain. Your change control is approved, you are in the driver’s seat, and you hit the enter button. This wonderful process takes off; it’s pure magic. Flying along,
PowerShell is processing each object and doing exactly what it was designed to do, but you have thousands of objects so this is going to take a while. Your part has been done, you created the process and kicked it off. PowerShell is doing its part, running
your creation. Might as well go to the kitchen and warm up some leftover pizza and grab a nice cold Dr Pepper. You glance over at your laptop on your way to the La-Z-Boy and see that everything is running smoothly, so you flip on an old rerun of Gilligan’s
Island. You watch as they put together some crazy contraption, which in the end utterly fails. If only they had you and PowerShell, they would be home sipping their own Dr Peppers by the end of the show. You glance back over at your laptop and the unthinkable
has occurred. In your PowerShell console where your process should be running, you see this:

get-aduser : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.

At line:1 char:1

+ get-aduser -Filter {msExchRecipientTypeDetails -eq «2147483648» -AND -NOT(UserAc .

+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-ADUser], ADException

+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.GetADUser

What happened? A quick web search of «The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.» returns lots of content on the topic with two prevailing recommendations.

One of the attributes being queried is not indexed in AD. You can resolve this by modifying the Attribute in the AD Schema enabling the index flag.
Ditch get-aduser and get-adcomputer and use ADSI DirectorySearcher instead.

IE:

https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/scriptcenter/en-US/e3ae9c0d-4eed-4703-b120-14727e797df9/invalid-enumeration-context-using-powershell-script-to-check-computer-accounts?forum=ITCG

You don’t really want to manually modify your Active Directory schema, but this process is important so you give it a shot. Looking at all of the attributes you are pulling you notice that they are all already indexed, or you enable indexing but the problem
persists. You really like using native PowerShell functionality and you don’t really want to rework your code to use ADSI DirectorySearcher, but you really have no other options right? Wrong!

Digging for the Roots

In order to find a solution to this error, we have to understand why it happens in the first place. Let’s don our troubleshooting hat and see what’s going on. We will start by looking at the error message itself.

Note: for the purpose of the below illustration, I will only talk about Get-ADUser, but the same applies to Get-ADComputer.

The error message gives clear indication that the cmdlet which threw the error was Get-ADUser. Since our process is using Get-ADUser to send objects down the pipeline to other cmdlets, we run the Get-ADUser cmdlet by itself to see if we can get any new info.
Surprisingly the Get-ADUser command completes with no errors, and fairly quickly; however, every time we run the cmdlet and pass objects to other cmdlets through the pipeline, we generate the error. That is interesting because Get-ADUser is supposed to just
get the full results and hand them down the pipeline as soon as they come in right? Well, let’s see.

What can we find out about how Get-ADUser works? If we look at the help of Get-ADUser, we see two parameters that are of interest.

-ResultPageSize <int>

Specifies the number of objects to include in one page for an Active Directory Domain Services query.

The default is 256
objects per page.

The following example shows how to set this parameter.

-ResultSetSize <System.Nullable[System.Int32]>

Specifies the maximum number of objects to return for an Active Directory Domain Services query. If you want to receiveall of the objects, set this parameter to $null (null value). You can use Ctrl+c to stop the query and return of objects.

The following example shows how to set this parameter so that you receiveall of the returned objects.

-ResultSetSize $null

So based on these parameters, we know that by default, Get-ADUser will return all matched objects from Active Directory, but it will do it in pages consisting of 256 objects per page.

Side Note: What exactly is paging? Simply put, it’s breaking a large query result down into smaller more manageable pieces. By default, if a Query results in 1000 objects, rather than sending all 1000 object back to the client, the server will send 256
object at a time (in separate pages) until all objects are sent. 1000 objects would result in 4 pages. It is up to the client to tell the server when it is ready for the next page of results.

(Paging Search Results: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa367011(v=vs.85).aspx)

Now let’s look at Get-ADUser in action.

Using the sysinternals tool, TCPView.exe, we monitor the TCP communication of our Get-ADUser cmdlet while using Measure-Command to capture our runtime.

PS C:> Measure-Command -Expression {get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop}

Days :0

Hours :0

Minutes :0

Seconds :28

Milliseconds :904

Ticks :289045151

TotalDays :0.000334542998842593

TotalHours :0.00802903197222222

TotalMinutes :0.481741918333333

TotalSeconds :28.9045151

TotalMilliseconds :28904.5151

From the results we see that it took us 28.9 seconds to get 14.79 MBytes (15,504,491 Rcvd Bytes) of returned data from our query. We also see that we are connecting to TCP port 9389 on our domain controller. A quick web search on this TCP port reveals that
this is the port used by Active Directory Web Services (http://www.t1shopper.com/tools/port-number/9389/).

In order to see how many return objects we are dealing with, we run the command again, piping the results into Measure-Object

PS C:> get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop | Measure-Object

Count :14163

The first thing we notice is that our process does not error out this time, even though we are using the pipeline. So maybe the problem relates to how long it takes to process our other pipeline commands. Since Measure-Object takes very little time to process,
it does not result in the error being generated. In order to test this theory we will use start-sleep to inject some processing time down the pipeline.

PS C:> get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop | ForEach-Object {Start-Sleep -Milliseconds200; $_}

get-aduser : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.

At line:1
char:1

+ get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop | ForEac ...

+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-ADUser], ADException

+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.GetADUser

After a while of running, we once again get our «The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.» error, but why? The code runs fine without the pipeline, and it runs fine with the pipeline as long as the subsequent cmdlets complete
quickly. We know that the Get-ADUser cmdlet completes in about 30 seconds without the pipeline. Is it the same when we have slower processing further down the pipe?

Let’s do two things to see what is going on. We will use TCPView and Measure-Command, as we did before, to see what is going on from a network perspective and how long our code is running before generating the error.

PS C:>Measure-Command -Expression {get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop | ForEach-Object {Start-Sleep -Milliseconds200; $_}}

After 5 minutes of running, we see that we have only received 2.15 Mbytes of data.

After 10 minutes of running, we are only sitting at 4.09 Mbytes of data.

Our slow data rate return continues until we finally error out after 30 minutes, and we also see that we did not receive our expected full data size of around 14.79 Mbytes.

get-aduser : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.

At line:1
char:30

+ Measure-Command -Expression {get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2 ...

+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-ADUser], ADException

+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.GetADUser

Days :0

Hours :0

Minutes :30

Seconds :49

Milliseconds :886

Ticks :18498861406

TotalDays :0.0214107192199074

TotalHours :0.513857261277778

TotalMinutes :30.8314356766667

TotalSeconds :1849.8861406

TotalMilliseconds :1849886.1406

So our data is returning a lot slower, and we are erring out before receiving our full dataset. This is indicative of a timeout. Since we know that we are connecting to Active Directory Web Services, a quick web search for «Active Directory Web Services
Timeout 30 minutes» gets us here: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd391908(v=ws.10).aspx

Excerpt from above site:

MaxEnumContextExpiration

Specifies the maximum allowed time period during which the ADWS service processes and retrieves the results of a query request from a client computer.

Changing thedefault value of this parameter is strongly discouraged. Most of the search results are returned within30 minutes.

Ok, lets put together what we’ve learned.

Get-ADUser uses paging (256 object per page by default)
It is up to the client to request new Pages
When piping out AD Objects, the longer the code down the pipeline takes to process, the slower we retrieve data from Active Directory Web Services
If that slower processing causes the retrieval time to run over 30 minutes, then the Enumeration Context Expires

Now lets fill in the blanks for the full, end to end process.

Get-ADUser executes sending the query to Active Directory Web Services
Active Directory Web Service receives the query, creates an enumeration context for the results, and returns the first page of results containing 256 objects
Get-ADUser receives those results and sends them down the pipeline, but does not query Active Directory Web Services for the next page until the pipeline has finished processing all 256 objects already received.
The pipeline processes each object placed in it one at a time down the entire pipeline. So all pipeline processes are completed on the first object before the second object begins it journey down the pipeline. (For 256 objects with 200 millisecond pipeline
processing per item, that’s 51.2 seconds per page. With 14163 object, we are looking at 55.32 pages and 47.21 minutes.)
Once all 256 objects have been processed for the current page, Get-ADUser requests the next page of results from Active Directory Web Services.
Active Directory Web Services returns the next 256 objects.
Steps 3 — 6 repeat until all objects are retrieve or the processing time goes longer than 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, Active Directory Web Services expires the enumeration context it created in step 2. Once expired, Active Directory Web Services returns
the error, «invalid enumeration context», when Get-ADUser request the next page because the enumeration context has expired and is no longer valid.

So mystery solved.

Solutions

There are two possible solutions to this issue, the first of which I would not recommend.

Increase the «MaxEnumContextExpiration» value for Active Directory Web Service. There are many reasons not to take this approach.
1. First and foremost, Microsoft recommends again this. «Changing the default value of this parameter is strongly discouraged. Most of the search results are returned within 30 minutes.»
2. This change would have to be made on all Domain Controllers that the script would possibly hit.
3. The target value to increase to would be a moving target depending on number of objects returned and length of time required to process all pipeline code.
4. Increasing this value increases the potential impact of long running processes on your Domain Controllers.
5. If you choose this method, it can be done by modifying the «Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.WebServices.exe.config» file in the ADWS directory. By default: «C:WindowsADWS».
Retrieve your Active Directory objects to a variable first, then send it down the pipeline using the variable. This method is easy to implement in your code without lots of configuration changes in your Active Directory environment. It works because writing
the objects to a variable is very fast so your Get-ADUser and Get-ADComputer cmdlets can quickly write all object to the variable and request the next page until all object are received.

It’s this simple:

Instead of doing this:

get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop | ForEach-Object {Start-Sleep -Milliseconds200; $_}

Do this:

$adobjects = get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop

$adobjects | ForEach-Object {Start-Sleep -Milliseconds200; $_}

Or if you wanna keep it on a single commandline for the PowerShell console, just separate it with a semicolon:

$adobjects = get-aduser -Filter {-NOT(UserAccountControl -band2)} -ErrorAction Stop; $adobjects | ForEach-Object {Start-Sleep -Milliseconds200; $_}

My hope is that you will find this useful. Please feel free to leave a comment and let me know how it has helped. Thanks for reading!

Источник

#powershell

Вопрос:

Я пытаюсь получить всех подрядчиков и сотрудников из нашего AD с включенным true для фильтра. Сам AD очень большой и содержит много данных, что может привести к ограничению времени ожидания при запуске сценария powershell. Я получаю эту ошибку, когда я помещаю ее в переменную, и если я выполняю прямой экспорт, я получаю ограничение по времени ожидания.

Есть ли какой-либо способ собрать все данные подрядчика и сотрудника с включенными сотрудниками с big AD без возникновения этой проблемы? Я получаю вывод, но не уверен, что вывод осуществим, поскольку я получаю сообщение об ошибке.

Спасибо

 Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,ValueFromPipeline = $false,HelpMessage = "Specify a output file name and path.")]
    [string]
    $OutputFileNamePath = $null
)
$Storage = @()
Write-Host "**********************************************************" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "*                  On Process                            *" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "**********************************************************" -ForegroundColor Green
$filter = @("CONTRACTOR", "EMPLOYEE")
$Storage = Get-ADUser -Filter * -Properties EmployeeNumber,Name,SamAccountName,employeeType,PasswordLastSet,LastLogonDate | Where {($_.Enabled -eq $True) -and $filter -contains $_.employeeType} | Select EmployeeNumber,Name,SamAccountName,employeeType,PasswordLastSet,LastLogonDate 
$Storage | Export-Csv -Path $OutputFileNamePath".csv" -Force
Write-Host "**********************************************************" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "*                     Done                               *" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "**********************************************************" -ForegroundColor Green

Ответ №1:

Эта статья TechNet дает нам подсказку о том, почему может возникнуть эта ошибка, в основном:

Get-ADUser использует подкачку (по умолчанию 256 объектов на страницу)

Запрашивать новые страницы должен клиент

При конвейерной передаче объектов AD чем дольше обрабатывается код в конвейере, тем медленнее мы извлекаем данные из веб-служб Active Directory

Если из-за более медленной обработки время поиска превышает 30 минут, то контекст перечисления истекает

Скорее всего, ваш запрос выполняется в течение 30 минут, что приводит к этому исключению. Решение этой проблемы заключается в создании более эффективного запроса, чтобы он завершался до этого времени или, что не рекомендуется MS:

Увеличьте значение «MaxEnumContextExpiration» для веб-службы Active Directory. Есть много причин не использовать этот подход.

Вы можете использовать LDAPFilter для повышения производительности вашего запроса, Where-Object в этом случае использование не требуется:

 $properties = 'EmployeeNumber', 'employeeType', 'PasswordLastSet', 'LastLogonDate'
$filter = '(amp;(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)(|(employeeType=CONTRACTOR)(employeeType=EMPLOYEE)))'

Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter $filter -Properties $properties

Чтобы преобразовать фильтр LDAP во что-то читаемое:

amp; — Логический И Операторный
| — Логический оператор OR
(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2) — Включен пользовательский объект
(|(employeeType=CONTRACTOR)(employeeType=EMPLOYEE)) — employeeType является «Подрядчиком» ИЛИ «сотрудником»
(amp;(...)(|(...)(...))) — Все предложения должны быть выполнены. Мы можем прочитать это как:
(Пользователь включен) И (пользователь employeeType — «Подрядчик» ИЛИ «Сотрудник»)

Для дальнейшего использования Active Directory: фильтры синтаксиса LDAP

Ответ №2:

Я изменил ваш скрипт, но я просто собрал всех пользователей в $Users массив, а затем запустил ForEach цикл для каждого отдельного пользователя. Внутри есть If функция, которая проверяет, включен ли пользователь и что EmployeeType является -like CONTRACTOR или EMPLOYEE . Если они есть, он добавляет их в $Storage массив, а затем экспортирует его после завершения цикла.

У меня это сработало, но дайте мне знать, если у вас возникнут какие-либо вопросы:

 Param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,ValueFromPipeline = $false,HelpMessage = "Specify a output file name and path.")]
    [string]
    $OutputFileNamePath = $null
)
$Storage = @()
Write-Host "----------------------------------------------------------" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "-                  On Process                            -" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "----------------------------------------------------------" -ForegroundColor Green
$Users = Get-ADUser -Filter * -Properties EmployeeNumber,Name,SamAccountName,employeeType,PasswordLastSet,LastLogonDate 
Foreach($user in $users){
If(($User.Enabled -eq $True) -and (($User.EmployeeType -like "*CONTRACTOR*") -or (($User.EmployeeType -like  "*EMPLOYEE*")))){
    $Storage  = $User  
    }

}
$Storage | Export-Csv -Path $OutputFileNamePath".csv" -NoTypeInformation -Force
Write-Host "----------------------------------------------------------" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "-                     Done                               -" -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "----------------------------------------------------------" -ForegroundColor Green

1. Привет, Джош! Спасибо за помощь, но у меня такая же проблема на моей стороне. Решение LDAP работает для меня

2. @Den10102020 Нет проблем! Я видел комментарий выше, рад, что он смог определить, в чем заключалась ошибка, и помочь вам ее устранить.

3. Он отличное соединение! Большинство моих проблем с PowerShell были решены г-ном Скварзоном

Источник

Мне нравятся команды каталогов get-adcomputer и quest-active для случаев, когда мне нужно много информации на сервере, но в остальном придерживаются команд активного каталога dsquery а также dsgetпотому что я нахожу get-adcomputer и особенно quest Команды излишне медленные, хотя что-то может потребовать от вас не использовать эти ds команды. Если у вас есть доступ к этим командам, это, возможно, стоит попробовать, даже если оно просто выдаст вам другое сообщение об ошибке, поскольку оно игнорирует использование get-adcomputer и существующий метод определения способности ping (вроде Микки -Мыши, но иногда этот способ дает дополнительную информацию) —

dsquery computer ou=Somewhere,dc=My,dc=AD,dc=TLD | ?{$_ -imatch "cn=([^,]+,),"} | % {
    $your_computer = $Matches[1]
    $cannot_ping_computer = $false

    # similarly for the ping command, but should be it's own little function
    ping $your_computer | ?{$_ -imatch "s*Packets: Sent = (d+), Received = (d+)" }|% {
      # or whatever conditions you find satisfactory
      if ($Matches[1] -ne $Matches[2]) $cannot_ping_computer = $true
    }
    if ( $cannot_ping_computer ) {
      #command to jump to next element in pipe, I cannot recall >.<      
    }
    # rest of your code...
}

Последние пару месяцев я не работал и не имел доступа к машине с Windows, поэтому код мне не по плечу, но я надеюсь, что он сработает для вас. Кажется правильным.

Я надеюсь, что вы решили проблему, но если нет, я надеюсь, что это может как-то помочь.

Удачи!:)

Источник

Scenario
Digging for the Roots
Solutions

Scenario

get-aduser : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.

At line:1 char:1

+ get-aduser -Filter {msExchRecipientTypeDetails -eq «2147483648» -AND -NOT(UserAc .

+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-ADUser], ADException

+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.GetADUser

What happened? A quick web search of «The server has returned the following error: invalid enumeration context.» returns lots of content on the topic with two prevailing recommendations.

One of the attributes being queried is not indexed in AD. You can resolve this by modifying the Attribute in the AD Schema enabling the index flag.
Ditch get-aduser and get-adcomputer and use ADSI DirectorySearcher instead.